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It looks like a workaround is using an appkey for authentication instead of the username, password combination. You can generate one here: https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/appkey/ Then add it to your URL: https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/getfile/AQUA_MODIS.20231207T190001.L2.SST.NRT.nc?appkey=...
Try putting the URL you are fetching into a fresh browser and see if your username and password are accepted. They are rolling out a 60-day expiration policy on Earthdata logins.
While they work out the json issue, these will give you a list of URLs wget -q --post-data="results_as_file=1&sensor_id=7&dtid=1043&sdate=2020-01-01 00:00:00&edate=2020-12-31 59:59:59&subType=1&addurl=1&prod_id=chlor_a&resolution_id=4km&period=DAY" -O - ...
Above the map in the L1/L2 browser, you will see the year. That is a link. If you click on it, it will open the custom date selector which will allow you to select by multiple years and filter by month ranges or seasons if you wish to limit the search.